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Haemorrhoidal Band Ligation

What is Haemorrhoidal Band Ligation?

Haemorrhoidal band ligation, which is also known as rubber band ligation is a procedure that involves tying the haemorrhoid at its base with a rubber band, cutting off the blood flow to the haemorrhoid. This procedure is performed only for internal haemorrhoids.

Indications for Haemorrhoidal Band Ligation

Haemorrhoids are areas of swollen veins in the lower rectum which can be uncomfortable and tend to bleed. They may be treated by eating a high-fibre diet, use of cold compresses, sitz baths, and topical creams. Hemorrhoidal band ligation is indicated if these treatments fail to resolve the condition.

Contraindications for Haemorrhoidal Band Ligation

Haemorrhoidal band ligation may be contraindicated if there is not enough hemorrhoidal tissue to pull into the banding device or if the haemorrhoid permanently bulges out of the anus.

Preparations for Haemorrhoidal Band Ligation

  • You should inform your doctor of any medications, vitamins, or supplements that you are taking.
  • Avoid food and drink for several hours before the procedure.
  • Arrange for someone to drive you back home after the procedure.
  • Stop smoking/drinking alcohol for a few days prior to the procedure.

Haemorrhoidal Band Ligation Procedure

  • The procedure is performed under local or general anaesthesia, or a topical anaesthetic may be applied. 
  • Your doctor will insert an anoscope into your rectum until it reaches the haemorrhoid.
  • Then a small tool called a ligator will be inserted through the anoscope to grasp the haemorrhoid with forceps. 
  • Sliding the ligator's cylinder upward releases rubber bands around the base of the haemorrhoid.
  • The rubber bands cut off the haemorrhoid's blood supply, causing it to wither and eventually drop off.

Postoperative Care

After the procedure, the haemorrhoids will eventually dry and fall off. This can happen between one and two weeks. The doctor may recommend taking a laxative to help prevent constipation and bloating. You may also observe some bleeding for a few days after the procedure which is completely normal, but you should contact your doctor if it is excessive or doesn’t stop after two or three days.

Risks and Complications

Haemorrhoid banding is a relatively safe procedure. However, there are risks and complications that could occur, such as:

  • Infection
  • Bleeding during bowel movements
  • Problems urinating
  • Recurring haemorrhoids
  • Fever and chills

Prognosis of Haemorrhoidal Band Ligation

Hemorrhoidal band ligation is a very effective non-surgical treatment for internal haemorrhoids. Most patients that undergo the procedure achieve long term relief of symptoms and do not require any other treatment.

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